[TOC]
45、web实验-抽取公共页面
公共页面/templates/common.html
Copy <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--注意要添加xmlns:th才能添加thymeleaf的标签-->
<head th:fragment="commonheader">
<!--common-->
<link href="css/style.css" th:href="@{/css/style.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="css/style-responsive.css" th:href="@{/css/style-responsive.css}" rel="stylesheet">
...
</head>
<body>
<!-- left side start-->
<div id="leftmenu" class="left-side sticky-left-side">
...
<div class="left-side-inner">
...
<!--sidebar nav start-->
<ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked custom-nav">
<li><a th:href="@{/main.html}"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> <span>Dashboard</span></a></li>
...
<li class="menu-list nav-active"><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-th-list"></i> <span>Data Tables</span></a>
<ul class="sub-menu-list">
<li><a th:href="@{/basic_table}"> Basic Table</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/dynamic_table}"> Advanced Table</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/responsive_table}"> Responsive Table</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/editable_table}"> Edit Table</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
...
</ul>
<!--sidebar nav end-->
</div>
</div>
<!-- left side end-->
<!-- header section start-->
<div th:fragment="headermenu" class="header-section">
<!--toggle button start-->
<a class="toggle-btn"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a>
<!--toggle button end-->
...
</div>
<!-- header section end-->
<div id="commonscript">
<!-- Placed js at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script th:src="@{/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/jquery-ui-1.9.2.custom.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/jquery-migrate-1.2.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/bootstrap.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/modernizr.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/jquery.nicescroll.js}"></script>
<!--common scripts for all pages-->
<script th:src="@{/js/scripts.js}"></script>
</div>
</body>
</html> /templates/table/basic_table.html
Copy <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="ThemeBucket">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="#" type="image/png">
<title>Basic Table</title>
<div th:include="common :: commonheader"> </div><!--将common.html的代码段 插进来-->
</head>
<body class="sticky-header">
<section>
<div th:replace="common :: #leftmenu"></div>
<!-- main content start-->
<div class="main-content" >
<div th:replace="common :: headermenu"></div>
...
</div>
<!-- main content end-->
</section>
<!-- Placed js at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<div th:replace="common :: #commonscript"></div>
</body>
</html> 46、web实验-遍历数据与页面bug修改
控制层代码：
Copy @GetMapping("/dynamic_table")
public String dynamic_table(Model model){
//表格内容的遍历
List<User> users = Arrays.asList(new User("zhangsan", "123456"),
new User("lisi", "123444"),
new User("haha", "aaaaa"),
new User("hehe ", "aaddd"));
model.addAttribute("users",users);
return "table/dynamic_table";
}
1234567891011 页面代码：
Copy <table class="display table table-bordered" id="hidden-table-info">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>用户名</th>
<th>密码</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="gradeX" th:each="user,stats:${users}">
<td th:text="${stats.count}">Trident</td>
<td th:text="${user.userName}">Internet</td>
<td >[[${user.password}]]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
12345678910111213141516 47、视图解析-【源码分析】-视图解析器与视图
视图解析原理流程 ：
目标方法处理的过程中（阅读DispatcherServlet源码），所有数据都会被放在 ModelAndViewContainer 里面，其中包括数据和视图地址。
方法的参数是一个自定义类型对象（从请求参数中确定的），把他重新放在 ModelAndViewContainer 。
任何目标方法执行完成以后都会返回ModelAndView（数据和视图地址）。
Copy processDispatchResult() 处理派发结果（页面改如何响应）
Copy render(mv, request, response); 进行页面渲染逻辑
根据方法的String返回值得到 View 对象【定义了页面的渲染逻辑】
所有的视图解析器尝试是否能根据当前返回值得到View对象
得到了 redirect:/main.html --> Thymeleaf new RedirectView()。
ContentNegotiationViewResolver 里面包含了下面所有的视图解析器，内部还是利用下面所有视图解析器得到视图对象。
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response); 视图对象调用自定义的render进行页面渲染工作。
RedirectView 如何渲染【重定向到一个页面】
response.sendRedirect(encodedURL);
视图解析 ： - 返回值以 forward: 开始： new InternalResourceView(forwardUrl); --> 转发request.getRequestDispatcher(path).forward(request, response); - 返回值以 redirect: 开始： new RedirectView() --> render就是重定向 - 返回值是普通字符串：new ThymeleafView()—>
阅读源码：最好自己在IDE，打断点，且Debug模式运行实例，这样比较没那么沉闷。
48、拦截器-登录检查与静态资源放行
编写一个拦截器实现HandlerInterceptor接口
拦截器注册到容器中（实现WebMvcConfigurer的addInterceptors()）
指定拦截规则（注意，如果是拦截所有，静态资源也会被拦截】
编写一个实现HandlerInterceptor接口的拦截器：
Copy @Slf4j
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
* 目标方法执行之前
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
log.info("preHandle拦截的请求路径是{}",requestURI);
//登录检查逻辑
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
Object loginUser = session.getAttribute("loginUser");
if(loginUser != null){
//放行
return true;
}
//拦截住。未登录。跳转到登录页
request.setAttribute("msg","请先登录");
// re.sendRedirect("/");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/").forward(request,response);
return false;
}
/**
* 目标方法执行完成以后
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
log.info("postHandle执行{}",modelAndView);
}
/**
* 页面渲染以后
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
log.info("afterCompletion执行异常{}",ex);
}
}
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445 拦截器注册到容器中 && 指定拦截规则：
Copy @Configuration
public class AdminWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginInterceptor())//拦截器注册到容器中
.addPathPatterns("/**") //所有请求都被拦截包括静态资源
.excludePathPatterns("/","/login","/css/**","/fonts/**","/images/**",
"/js/**","/aa/**"); //放行的请求
}
123456789 49、拦截器-【源码分析】-拦截器的执行时机和原理
根据当前请求，找到HandlerExecutionChain（可以处理请求的handler以及handler的所有 拦截器）
先来顺序执行 所有拦截器的
方法。
如果当前拦截器preHandle()返回为true。则执行下一个拦截器的preHandle()
如果当前拦截器返回为false。直接倒序执行所有已经执行了的拦截器的 afterCompletion();。
如果任何一个拦截器返回false，直接跳出不执行目标方法。
倒序执行所有拦截器的postHandle()方法。
前面的步骤有任何异常都会直接倒序触发 afterCompletion()。
页面成功渲染完成以后，也会倒序触发 afterCompletion()。
DispatcherServlet中涉及到HandlerInterceptor的地方：
Copy public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
...
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
...
//该方法内调用HandlerInterceptor的preHandle()
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
...
//该方法内调用HandlerInterceptor的postHandle()
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
//该方法内调用HandlerInterceptor接口的afterCompletion方法
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
//该方法内调用HandlerInterceptor接口的afterCompletion方法
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
...
}
}
private void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
if (mappedHandler != null) {
//该方法内调用HandlerInterceptor接口的afterCompletion方法
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, ex);
}
throw ex;
}
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
...
if (mappedHandler != null) {
//该方法内调用HandlerInterceptor接口的afterCompletion方法
// Exception (if any) is already handled..
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
}
}
}
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970
public class HandlerExecutionChain {
...
boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
for (int i = 0; i < this.interceptorList.size(); i++) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = this.interceptorList.get(i);
//HandlerInterceptor的preHandle方法
if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
return false;
}
this.interceptorIndex = i;
}
return true;
}
void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable ModelAndView mv)
throws Exception {
for (int i = this.interceptorList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = this.interceptorList.get(i);
//HandlerInterceptor接口的postHandle方法
interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
}
}
void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Exception ex) {
for (int i = this.interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = this.interceptorList.get(i);
try {
//HandlerInterceptor接口的afterCompletion方法
interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, this.handler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable ex2) {
logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);
}
}
}
}
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445 50、文件上传-单文件与多文件上传的使用
页面代码/static/form/form_layouts.html
Copy <form role="form" th:action="@{/upload}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">邮箱</label>
<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">名字</label>
<input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputFile">头像</label>
<input type="file" name="headerImg" id="exampleInputFile">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputFile">生活照</label>
<input type="file" name="photos" multiple>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Check me out
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提交</button>
</form>
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728
Copy @Slf4j
@Controller
public class FormTestController {
@GetMapping("/form_layouts")
public String form_layouts(){
return "form/form_layouts";
}
@PostMapping("/upload")
public String upload(@RequestParam("email") String email,
@RequestParam("username") String username,
@RequestPart("headerImg") MultipartFile headerImg,
@RequestPart("photos") MultipartFile[] photos) throws IOException {
log.info("上传的信息：email={}，username={}，headerImg={}，photos={}",
email,username,headerImg.getSize(),photos.length);
if(!headerImg.isEmpty()){
//保存到文件服务器，OSS服务器
String originalFilename = headerImg.getOriginalFilename();
headerImg.transferTo(new File("H:\\cache\\"+originalFilename));
}
if(photos.length > 0){
for (MultipartFile photo : photos) {
if(!photo.isEmpty()){
String originalFilename = photo.getOriginalFilename();
photo.transferTo(new File("H:\\cache\\"+originalFilename));
}
}
}
return "main";
}
}
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637 文件上传相关的配置类：
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartProperties
文件大小相关配置项：
Copy spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=10MB
spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=100MB
12 51、文件上传-【源码流程】文件上传参数解析器
文件上传相关的自动配置类MultipartAutoConfiguration有创建文件上传参数解析器StandardServletMultipartResolver。
Copy @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, StandardServletMultipartResolver.class, MultipartConfigElement.class })
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.servlet.multipart", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MultipartProperties.class)
public class MultipartAutoConfiguration {
private final MultipartProperties multipartProperties;
public MultipartAutoConfiguration(MultipartProperties multipartProperties) {
this.multipartProperties = multipartProperties;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({ MultipartConfigElement.class, CommonsMultipartResolver.class })
public MultipartConfigElement multipartConfigElement() {
return this.multipartProperties.createMultipartConfig();
}
@Bean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(MultipartResolver.class)
public StandardServletMultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
//配置好文件上传解析器
StandardServletMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new StandardServletMultipartResolver();
multipartResolver.setResolveLazily(this.multipartProperties.isResolveLazily());
return multipartResolver;
}
}
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829
//文件上传解析器
public class StandardServletMultipartResolver implements MultipartResolver {
private boolean resolveLazily = false;
public void setResolveLazily(boolean resolveLazily) {
this.resolveLazily = resolveLazily;
}
@Override
public boolean isMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) {
return StringUtils.startsWithIgnoreCase(request.getContentType(), "multipart/");
}
@Override
public MultipartHttpServletRequest resolveMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) throws MultipartException {
return new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request, this.resolveLazily);
}
@Override
public void cleanupMultipart(MultipartHttpServletRequest request) {
if (!(request instanceof AbstractMultipartHttpServletRequest) ||
((AbstractMultipartHttpServletRequest) request).isResolved()) {
// To be on the safe side: explicitly delete the parts,
// but only actual file parts (for Resin compatibility)
try {
for (Part part : request.getParts()) {
if (request.getFile(part.getName()) != null) {
part.delete();
}
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
LogFactory.getLog(getClass()).warn("Failed to perform cleanup of multipart items", ex);
}
}
}
}
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
@Nullable
private MultipartResolver multipartResolver;
private void initMultipartResolver(ApplicationContext context) {
...
//这个就是配置类配置的StandardServletMultipartResolver文件上传解析器
this.multipartResolver = context.getBean(MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME, MultipartResolver.class);
...
}
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;//最后finally的回收flag
...
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
//做预处理,如果有上传文件 就new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest包装类
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
...
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
...
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
}
....
finally {
...
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
protected HttpServletRequest checkMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) throws MultipartException {
if (this.multipartResolver != null && this.multipartResolver.isMultipart(request)) {
...
return this.multipartResolver.resolveMultipart(request);
...
}
}
protected void cleanupMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) {
if (this.multipartResolver != null) {
MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest =
WebUtils.getNativeRequest(request, MultipartHttpServletRequest.class);
if (multipartRequest != null) {
this.multipartResolver.cleanupMultipart(multipartRequest);
}
}
}
}
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970 mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());跳到以下的类
Copy public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav;
...
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
...
return mav;
}
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {//关注点
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
...
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
...
return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
}
finally {
webRequest.requestCompleted();
}
}
}
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637 this.argumentResolvers其中主角类RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver用来生成
Copy public class ServletInvocableHandlerMethod extends InvocableHandlerMethod {
...
public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
...
}
@Nullable
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
...
return doInvoke(args);//反射调用
}
@Nullable
protected Object doInvoke(Object... args) throws Exception {
Method method = getBridgedMethod();
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
return method.invoke(getBean(), args);
...
}
//处理得出multipart参数，准备稍后的反射调用（@PostMapping标记的上传方法）
protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
...
Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
if (args[i] != null) {
continue;
}
//关注点1
if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
}
try {
//关注点2
args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
...
}
}
return args;
}
}
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556
public class RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver extends AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver {
//对应上面代码关注点1
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
//标注@RequestPart的参数
if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestPart.class)) {
return true;
}
else {
if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class)) {
return false;
}
return MultipartResolutionDelegate.isMultipartArgument(parameter.nestedIfOptional());
}
}
//对应上面代码关注点2
@Override
@Nullable
public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest servletRequest = request.getNativeRequest(HttpServletRequest.class);
Assert.state(servletRequest != null, "No HttpServletRequest");
RequestPart requestPart = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestPart.class);
boolean isRequired = ((requestPart == null || requestPart.required()) && !parameter.isOptional());
String name = getPartName(parameter, requestPart);
parameter = parameter.nestedIfOptional();
Object arg = null;
//封装成MultipartFile类型的对象作参数
Object mpArg = MultipartResolutionDelegate.resolveMultipartArgument(name, parameter, servletRequest);
if (mpArg != MultipartResolutionDelegate.UNRESOLVABLE) {
arg = mpArg;
}
...
return adaptArgumentIfNecessary(arg, parameter);
}
}
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344
public final class MultipartResolutionDelegate {
...
@Nullable
public static Object resolveMultipartArgument(String name, MethodParameter parameter, HttpServletRequest request)
throws Exception {
MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest =
WebUtils.getNativeRequest(request, MultipartHttpServletRequest.class);
boolean isMultipart = (multipartRequest != null || isMultipartContent(request));
if (MultipartFile.class == parameter.getNestedParameterType()) {
if (!isMultipart) {
return null;
}
if (multipartRequest == null) {
multipartRequest = new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request);
}
return multipartRequest.getFile(name);
}
else if (isMultipartFileCollection(parameter)) {
if (!isMultipart) {
return null;
}
if (multipartRequest == null) {
multipartRequest = new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request);
}
List<MultipartFile> files = multipartRequest.getFiles(name);
return (!files.isEmpty() ? files : null);
}
else if (isMultipartFileArray(parameter)) {
if (!isMultipart) {
return null;
}
if (multipartRequest == null) {
multipartRequest = new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request);
}
List<MultipartFile> files = multipartRequest.getFiles(name);
return (!files.isEmpty() ? files.toArray(new MultipartFile[0]) : null);
}
else if (Part.class == parameter.getNestedParameterType()) {
if (!isMultipart) {
return null;
}
return request.getPart(name);
}
else if (isPartCollection(parameter)) {
if (!isMultipart) {
return null;
}
List<Part> parts = resolvePartList(request, name);
return (!parts.isEmpty() ? parts : null);
}
else if (isPartArray(parameter)) {
if (!isMultipart) {
return null;
}
List<Part> parts = resolvePartList(request, name);
return (!parts.isEmpty() ? parts.toArray(new Part[0]) : null);
}
else {
return UNRESOLVABLE;
}
}
...
}
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768 52、错误处理-SpringBoot默认错误处理机制
默认规则 ：
默认情况下，Spring Boot提供/error处理所有错误的映射
机器客户端，它将生成JSON响应，其中包含错误，HTTP状态和异常消息的详细信息。对于浏览器客户端，响应一个“ whitelabel”错误视图，以HTML格式呈现相同的数据
Copy {
"timestamp": "2020-11-22T05:53:28.416+00:00",
"status": 404,
"error": "Not Found",
"message": "No message available",
"path": "/asadada"
}
1234567 要完全替换默认行为，可以实现 ErrorController并注册该类型的Bean定义，或添加ErrorAttributes类型的组件以使用现有机制但替换其内容。
/templates/error/下的4xx，5xx页面会被自动解析
53、错误处理-【源码分析】底层组件功能分析
ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration 自动配置异常处理规则
容器中的组件 ：类型：DefaultErrorAttributes -> id：errorAttributes
Copy public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerExceptionResolver DefaultErrorAttributes：定义错误页面中可以包含数据（异常明细，堆栈信息等）。
容器中的组件 ：类型：BasicErrorController --> id：basicErrorController（json+白页 适配响应）
处理默认 /error 路径的请求
，页面响应
Copy new ModelAndView("error", model); 容器中有组件 View->id是error；（响应默认错误页）
容器中放组件 BeanNameViewResolver（视图解析器）；按照返回的视图名作为组件的id去容器中找View对象。
容器中的组件 ：类型：DefaultErrorViewResolver -> id：conventionErrorViewResolver
如果发生异常错误，会以HTTP的状态码 作为视图页地址（viewName），找到真正的页面
（主要作用）。
如果想要返回页面，就会找error视图（StaticView默认是一个白页）。
54、错误处理-【源码流程】异常处理流程
譬如写一个会抛出异常的控制层：
Copy @Slf4j
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String handle01(){
int i = 1 / 0;//将会抛出ArithmeticException
log.info("Hello, Spring Boot 2!");
return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!";
}
} 当浏览器发出/hello请求，DispatcherServlet的doDispatch()的mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());将会抛出ArithmeticException。
Copy public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
...
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
// Actually invoke the handler.
//将会抛出ArithmeticException
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
//将会捕捉ArithmeticException
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
...
}
//捕捉后，继续运行
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
...
}
}
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
boolean errorView = false;
if (exception != null) {
if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
...
}
else {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
//ArithmeticException将在这处理
mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
}
...
}
protected ModelAndView processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
// Success and error responses may use different content types
request.removeAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);
// Check registered HandlerExceptionResolvers...
ModelAndView exMv = null;
if (this.handlerExceptionResolvers != null) {
//遍历所有的 handlerExceptionResolvers，看谁能处理当前异常HandlerExceptionResolver处理器异常解析器
for (HandlerExceptionResolver resolver : this.handlerExceptionResolvers) {
exMv = resolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex);
if (exMv != null) {
break;
}
}
}
...
//若只有系统的自带的异常解析器（没有自定义的），异常还是会抛出
throw ex;
}
} 系统自带的异常解析器 ：
DefaultErrorAttributes先来处理异常，它主要功能把异常信息保存到request域，并且返回null。
Copy public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerExceptionResolver, Ordered {
...
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
this.storeErrorAttributes(request, ex);
return null;
}
private void storeErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, Exception ex) {
request.setAttribute(ERROR_ATTRIBUTE, ex);//把异常信息保存到request域
}
...
} 默认没有任何解析器（上图的HandlerExceptionResolverComposite）能处理异常，所以最后异常会被抛出。
最终底层就会转发/error 请求。会被底层的BasicErrorController处理。
Copy @Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
@RequestMapping(produces = MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE)
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections
.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
//如果/template/error内没有4**.html或5**.html，
//modelAndView为空，最终还是返回viewName为error的modelAndView
return (modelAndView != null) ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);
}
...
}
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
...
//渲染页面
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
...
}
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
boolean errorView = false;
...
// Did the handler return a view to render?
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
render(mv, request, response);
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
...
}
protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
View view;
String viewName = mv.getViewName();
if (viewName != null) {
// We need to resolve the view name.
//找出合适error的View，如果/template/error内没有4**.html或5**.html，
//将会返回默认异常页面ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView
//这里按需深究代码吧！
view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
...
}
...
try {
if (mv.getStatus() != null) {
response.setStatus(mv.getStatus().value());
}
//看下面代码块的StaticView的render块
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
...
}
}
}
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class })
// Load before the main WebMvcAutoConfiguration so that the error View is available
@AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ ServerProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class, WebMvcProperties.class })
public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
...
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "server.error.whitelabel", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
@Conditional(ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class)
protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration {
//将创建一个名为error的系统默认异常页面View的Bean
private final StaticView defaultErrorView = new StaticView();
@Bean(name = "error")
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "error")
public View defaultErrorView() {
return this.defaultErrorView;
}
// If the user adds @EnableWebMvc then the bean name view resolver from
// WebMvcAutoConfiguration disappears, so add it back in to avoid disappointment.
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() {
BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver();
resolver.setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10);
return resolver;
}
}
private static class StaticView implements View {
private static final MediaType TEXT_HTML_UTF8 = new MediaType("text", "html", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StaticView.class);
@Override
public void render(Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
String message = getMessage(model);
logger.error(message);
return;
}
response.setContentType(TEXT_HTML_UTF8.toString());
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
Object timestamp = model.get("timestamp");
Object message = model.get("message");
Object trace = model.get("trace");
if (response.getContentType() == null) {
response.setContentType(getContentType());
}
//系统默认异常页面html代码
builder.append("<html><body><h1>Whitelabel Error Page</h1>").append(
"<p>This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.</p>")
.append("<div id='created'>").append(timestamp).append("</div>")
.append("<div>There was an unexpected error (type=").append(htmlEscape(model.get("error")))
.append(", status=").append(htmlEscape(model.get("status"))).append(").</div>");
if (message != null) {
builder.append("<div>").append(htmlEscape(message)).append("</div>");
}
if (trace != null) {
builder.append("<div style='white-space:pre-wrap;'>").append(htmlEscape(trace)).append("</div>");
}
builder.append("</body></html>");
response.getWriter().append(builder.toString());
}
private String htmlEscape(Object input) {
return (input != null) ? HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(input.toString()) : null;
}
private String getMessage(Map<String, ?> model) {
Object path = model.get("path");
String message = "Cannot render error page for request [" + path + "]";
if (model.get("message") != null) {
message += " and exception [" + model.get("message") + "]";
}
message += " as the response has already been committed.";
message += " As a result, the response may have the wrong status code.";
return message;
}
@Override
public String getContentType() {
return "text/html";
}
}
} 55、==错误处理-【源码流程】几种异常处理原理==
自定义错误页
error/404.html error/5xx.html；有精确的错误状态码页面就匹配精确，没有就找 4xx.html；如果都没有就触发白页
@ControllerAdvice+@ExceptionHandler处理全局异常；底层是 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 支持的
Copy @Slf4j
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class,NullPointerException.class}) //处理异常
public String handleArithException(Exception e){
log.error("异常是：{}",e);
return "login"; //视图地址
}
}
1234567891011 @ResponseStatus+自定义异常 ；底层是 ResponseStatusExceptionResolver ，把responseStatus注解的信息底层调用 response.sendError(statusCode, resolvedReason)，tomcat发送的/error
Copy @ResponseStatus(value= HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN,reason = "用户数量太多")
public class UserTooManyException extends RuntimeException {
public UserTooManyException(){
}
public UserTooManyException(String message){
super(message);
}
}
@Controller
public class TableController {
@GetMapping("/dynamic_table")
public String dynamic_table(@RequestParam(value="pn",defaultValue = "1") Integer pn,Model model){
//表格内容的遍历
List<User> users = Arrays.asList(new User("zhangsan", "123456"),
new User("lisi", "123444"),
new User("haha", "aaaaa"),
new User("hehe ", "aaddd"));
model.addAttribute("users",users);
if(users.size()>3){
throw new UserTooManyException();//抛出自定义异常
}
return "table/dynamic_table";
}
} Spring自家异常如 org.springframework.web.bind.MissingServletRequestParameterException，DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver 处理Spring自家异常。
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST/*400*/, ex.getMessage());
自定义实现 HandlerExceptionResolver 处理异常；可以作为默认的全局异常处理规则
Copy @Order(value= Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) //优先级，数字越小优先级越高
@Component
public class CustomerHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception ex) {
try {
response.sendError(511,"我喜欢的错误");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return new ModelAndView();
}
} 实现自定义处理异常
response.sendError()，error请求就会转给controller。
你的异常没有任何人能处理，tomcat底层调用response.sendError()，error请求就会转给controller。
basicErrorController 要去的页面地址是 ErrorViewResolver 。
Copy @Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
...
@RequestMapping(produces = MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE)
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections
.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView != null) ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);
}
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
//这里用到ErrorViewResolver接口
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
...
}
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ErrorViewResolver {
ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model);
}
123456 56、原生组件注入-原生注解与Spring方式注入
使用原生的注解
Copy @WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/my")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.getWriter().write("66666");
}
}
12345678
@Slf4j
@WebFilter(urlPatterns={"/css/*","/images/*"}) //my
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
log.info("MyFilter初始化完成");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
log.info("MyFilter工作");
chain.doFilter(request,response);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
log.info("MyFilter销毁");
}
}
12345678910111213141516171819
@Slf4j
@WebListener
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
log.info("MySwervletContextListener监听到项目初始化完成");
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
log.info("MySwervletContextListener监听到项目销毁");
}
}
123456789101112131415 最后还要在主启动类添加注解@ServletComponentScan
Copy @ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.lun")//
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
public class Boot05WebAdminApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Boot05WebAdminApplication.class, args);
}
}
12345678 Spring方式注入
Copy ServletRegistrationBean`, `FilterRegistrationBean`, and `ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)
public class MyRegistConfig {
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet();
return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet,"/my","/my02");
}
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();
// return new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter,myServlet());
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter);
filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/my","/css/*"));
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
MySwervletContextListener mySwervletContextListener = new MySwervletContextListener();
return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(mySwervletContextListener);
}
}
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627 57、原生组件注入-【源码分析】DispatcherServlet注入原理
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration配置类
Copy @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class)
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {
/*
* The bean name for a DispatcherServlet that will be mapped to the root URL "/"
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServlet";
/*
* The bean name for a ServletRegistrationBean for the DispatcherServlet "/"
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServletRegistration";
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {
//创建DispatcherServlet类的Bean
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
return dispatcherServlet;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
return resolver;
}
}
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
@Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class)
protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {
//注册DispatcherServlet类
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {
DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
return registration;
}
}
...
} DispatcherServlet默认映射的是 / 路径，可以通过在配置文件修改spring.mvc.servlet.path=/mvc。
58、嵌入式Servlet容器-【源码分析】切换web服务器与定制化
默认支持的WebServer
Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow。
ServletWebServerApplicationContext容器启动寻找ServletWebServerFactory 并引导创建服务器。
原理
SpringBoot应用启动发现当前是Web应用，web场景包-导入tomcat。
web应用会创建一个web版的IOC容器 ServletWebServerApplicationContext 。
ServletWebServerApplicationContext 启动的时候寻找 ServletWebServerFactory （Servlet 的web服务器工厂——>Servlet 的web服务器）。
SpringBoot底层默认有很多的WebServer工厂（
Copy ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration 内创建Bean），如：
TomcatServletWebServerFactory
JettyServletWebServerFactory
UndertowServletWebServerFactory
底层直接会有一个自动配置类ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration。
ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration导入了ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration（配置类）。
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration根据动态判断系统中到底导入了那个Web服务器的包。（默认是web-starter导入tomcat包），容器中就有 TomcatServletWebServerFactory
TomcatServletWebServerFactory创建出Tomcat服务器并启动；TomcatWebServer 的构造器拥有初始化方法initialize——this.tomcat.start();
内嵌服务器，与以前手动把启动服务器相比，改成现在使用代码启动（tomcat核心jar包存在）。
Spring Boot默认使用Tomcat服务器，若需更改其他服务器，则修改工程pom.xml：
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency> 定制Servlet容器
实现WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory>
把配置文件的值和ServletWebServerFactory进行绑定
直接自定义 ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory
xxxxxCustomizer：定制化器 ，可以改变xxxx的默认规则
Copy import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerFactoryCustomizer;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class CustomizationBean implements
WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory> {
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory server) {
server.setPort(9000);
}
}
12345678910111213 59、定制化原理-SpringBoot定制化组件的几种方式（小结）
定制化的常见方式
编写自定义的配置类 xxxConfiguration + @Bean替换、增加容器中默认组件，视图解析器
Web应用 编写一个配置类实现 WebMvcConfigurer 即可定制化web功能 + @Bean给容器中再扩展一些组件
Copy @Configuration
public class AdminWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
} @EnableWebMvc
WebMvcConfigurer
—
@Bean
可以全面接管SpringMVC，所有规则全部自己重新配置； 实现定制和扩展功能（
高级功能，初学者退避三舍
）。
原理：
WebMvcAutoConfiguration默认的SpringMVC的自动配置功能类，如静态资源、欢迎页等。
一旦使用 @EnableWebMvc ，会@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)。
DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration
的作用，只保证SpringMVC最基本的使用
把所有系统中的WebMvcConfigurer拿过来，所有功能的定制都是这些WebMvcConfigurer合起来一起生效。
自动配置了一些非常底层的组件，如RequestMappingHandlerMapping，这些组件依赖的组件都是从容器中获取如。
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport。
WebMvcAutoConfiguration里面的配置要能生效必须 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)。
@EnableWebMvc 导致了WebMvcAutoConfiguration 没有生效。
原理分析套路
场景starter - xxxxAutoConfiguration - 导入xxx组件 - 绑定xxxProperties - 绑定配置文件项。
60、数据访问-数据库场景的自动配置分析与整合测试
导入JDBC场景
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
1234 接着导入数据库驱动包（MySQL为例）。
Copy <!--默认版本：-->
<mysql.version>8.0.22</mysql.version>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<!--<version>5.1.49</version>-->
</dependency>
<!--
想要修改版本
1、直接依赖引入具体版本（maven的就近依赖原则）
2、重新声明版本（maven的属性的就近优先原则）
-->
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.49</mysql.version>
</properties>
123456789101112131415161718 相关数据源配置类
DataSourceAutoConfiguration ： 数据源的自动配置。
修改数据源相关的配置：spring.datasource。
数据库连接池的配置，是自己容器中没有DataSource才自动配置的 。
底层配置好的连接池是：HikariDataSource。
DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration： 事务管理器的自动配置。
JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration： JdbcTemplate的自动配置，可以来对数据库进行CRUD。
可以修改前缀为spring.jdbc的配置项来修改JdbcTemplate。
@Bean @Primary JdbcTemplate：Spring容器中有这个JdbcTemplate组件，使用@Autowired。
JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration： JNDI的自动配置。
XADataSourceAutoConfiguration： 分布式事务相关的。
修改配置项
Copy spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
123456 单元测试数据源
Copy import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
@SpringBootTest
class Boot05WebAdminApplicationTests {
@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Test//用@org.junit.Test会报空指针异常，可能跟JUnit新版本有关
void contextLoads() {
// jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from account_tbl")
// jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from account_tbl",)
Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from account_tbl", Long.class);
log.info("记录总数：{}",aLong);
}
}
1234567891011121314151617181920 61、数据访问-自定义方式整合druid数据源
Druid是什么？
它是数据库连接池，它能够提供强大的监控和扩展功能。
Spring Boot整合第三方技术的两种方式：
自定义方式
添加依赖 ：
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.17</version>
</dependency>
12345 配置Druid数据源 ：
Copy @Configuration
public class MyConfig {
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource")//复用配置文件的数据源配置
public DataSource dataSource() throws SQLException {
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
// druidDataSource.setUrl();
// druidDataSource.setUsername();
// druidDataSource.setPassword();
return druidDataSource;
}
}
123456789101112131415 配置Druid的监控页功能 ：
Copy @Configuration
public class MyConfig {
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource")
public DataSource dataSource() throws SQLException {
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
//加入监控和防火墙功能功能
druidDataSource.setFilters("stat,wall");
return druidDataSource;
}
/**
* 配置 druid的监控页功能
* @return
*/
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
StatViewServlet statViewServlet = new StatViewServlet();
ServletRegistrationBean<StatViewServlet> registrationBean =
new ServletRegistrationBean<>(statViewServlet, "/druid/*");
//监控页账号密码：
registrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername","admin");
registrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword","123456");
return registrationBean;
}
/**
* WebStatFilter 用于采集web-jdbc关联监控的数据。
*/
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
WebStatFilter webStatFilter = new WebStatFilter();
FilterRegistrationBean<WebStatFilter> filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>(webStatFilter);
filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions","*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
}
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546 62、数据访问-druid数据源starter整合方式
引入依赖 ：
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.17</version>
</dependency>
12345 分析自动配置 ：
扩展配置项 spring.datasource.druid
自动配置类DruidDataSourceAutoConfigure
DruidSpringAopConfiguration.class, 监控SpringBean的；配置项：spring.datasource.druid.aop-patterns
DruidStatViewServletConfiguration.class, 监控页的配置。spring.datasource.druid.stat-view-servlet默认开启。
DruidWebStatFilterConfiguration.class，web监控配置。spring.datasource.druid.web-stat-filter默认开启。
DruidFilterConfiguration.class所有Druid的filter的配置：
Copy private static final String FILTER_STAT_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.stat";
private static final String FILTER_CONFIG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.config";
private static final String FILTER_ENCODING_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.encoding";
private static final String FILTER_SLF4J_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.slf4j";
private static final String FILTER_LOG4J_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.log4j";
private static final String FILTER_LOG4J2_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.log4j2";
private static final String FILTER_COMMONS_LOG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.commons-log";
private static final String FILTER_WALL_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.wall";
12345678 配置示例 ：
Copy spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
druid:
aop-patterns: com.atguigu.admin.* #监控SpringBean
filters: stat,wall # 底层开启功能，stat（sql监控），wall（防火墙）
stat-view-servlet: # 配置监控页功能
enabled: true
login-username: admin
login-password: admin
resetEnable: false
web-stat-filter: # 监控web
enabled: true
urlPattern: /*
exclusions: '*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*'
filter:
stat: # 对上面filters里面的stat的详细配置
slow-sql-millis: 1000
logSlowSql: true
enabled: true
wall:
enabled: true
config:
drop-table-allow: false
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132 63、数据访问-整合MyBatis-配置版
starter的命名方式 ：
SpringBoot官方的Starter：spring-boot-starter-*
第三方的： *-spring-boot-starter
引入依赖 ：
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
12345 配置模式 :
SqlSession：自动配置了SqlSessionTemplate 组合了SqlSession
@Import(AutoConfiguredMapperScannerRegistrar.class)
Mapper： 只要我们写的操作MyBatis的接口标准了@Mapper就会被自动扫描进来
Copy @EnableConfigurationProperties(MybatisProperties.class) ： MyBatis配置项绑定类。
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, MybatisLanguageDriverAutoConfiguration.class })
public class MybatisAutoConfiguration{
...
}
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybatis")
public class MybatisProperties{
...
}
12345678910 配置文件 ：
Copy spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: 1234
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# 配置mybatis规则
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml #全局配置文件位置
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/*.xml #sql映射文件位置
1234567891011 mybatis-config.xml :
Copy <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 由于Spring Boot自动配置缘故，此处不必配置，只用来做做样。-->
</configuration>
12345678 Mapper接口 ：
Copy <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.lun.boot.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="getUser" resultType="com.lun.boot.bean.User">
select * from user where id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
12345678910
import com.lun.boot.bean.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
public User getUser(Integer id);
}
1234567 POJO ：
Copy public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
//getters and setters...
}
123456 DB ：
Copy CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
12345 Controller and Service ：
Copy @Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return userService.getUser(id);
}
}
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;//IDEA下标红线，可忽视这红线
public User getUser(Integer id){
return userMapper.getUser(id);
}
} 配置private Configuration configuration; 也就是配置mybatis.configuration相关的，就是相当于改mybatis全局配置文件中的值。（也就是说配置了mybatis.configuration，就不需配置mybatis全局配置文件了）
Copy # 配置mybatis规则
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
# 可以不写全局配置文件，所有全局配置文件的配置都放在configuration配置项中了。
# config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
configuration:
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
1234567 小结
在application.yaml中指定Mapper配置文件的所处位置，以及指定全局配置文件的信息 （建议：配置在 mybatis.configuration
64、数据访问-整合MyBatis-注解配置混合版
你可以通过Spring Initializr添加MyBatis的Starer。
注解与配置混合搭配，干活不累 ：
Copy @Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
public User getUser(Integer id);
@Select("select * from user where id=#{id}")
public User getUser2(Integer id);
public void saveUser(User user);
@Insert("insert into user(`name`) values(#{name})")
@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
public void saveUser2(User user);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.lun.boot.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="getUser" resultType="com.lun.boot.bean.User">
select * from user where id=#{id}
</select>
<insert id="saveUser" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into user(`name`) values(#{name})
</insert>
</mapper>
123456789101112131415 简单DAO方法就写在注解上。复杂的就写在配置文件里。
使用@MapperScan("com.lun.boot.mapper") 简化，Mapper接口就可以不用标注@Mapper注解。
Copy @MapperScan("com.lun.boot.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
}
}
123456789 65、数据访问-整合MyBatisPlus操作数据库
MyBatisPlus是什么
添加依赖：
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
12345 MybatisPlusAutoConfiguration配置类，MybatisPlusProperties配置项绑定。
SqlSessionFactory自动配置好，底层是容器中默认的数据源。
mapperLocations自动配置好的，有默认值classpath*:/mapper/**/*.xml，这表示任意包的类路径下的所有mapper文件夹下任意路径下的所有xml都是sql映射文件。 建议以后sql映射文件放在 mapper下。
容器中也自动配置好了SqlSessionTemplate。
@Mapper 标注的接口也会被自动扫描，建议直接 @MapperScan("com.lun.boot.mapper")批量扫描。
MyBatisPlus优点 之一：只需要我们的Mapper继承MyBatisPlus的BaseMapper 就可以拥有CRUD能力，减轻开发工作。
Copy import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.lun.hellomybatisplus.model.User;
public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> {
} 66、数据访问-CRUD实验-数据列表展示
使用MyBatis Plus提供的IService，ServiceImpl，减轻Service层开发工作。
Copy import com.lun.hellomybatisplus.model.User;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Service 的CRUD也不用写了
*/
public interface UserService extends IService<User> {
//此处故意为空
}
import com.lun.hellomybatisplus.model.User;
import com.lun.hellomybatisplus.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.lun.hellomybatisplus.service.UserService;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper,User> implements UserService {
//此处故意为空
} 与下一节联合在一起
67、数据访问-CRUD实验-分页数据展示
与下一节联合在一起
68、数据访问-CRUD实验-删除用户完成
添加分页插件：
Copy @Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {
/**
* MybatisPlusInterceptor
* @return
*/
@Bean
public MybatisPlusInterceptor paginationInterceptor() {
MybatisPlusInterceptor mybatisPlusInterceptor = new MybatisPlusInterceptor();
// 设置请求的页面大于最大页后操作， true调回到首页，false 继续请求 默认false
// paginationInterceptor.setOverflow(false);
// 设置最大单页限制数量，默认 500 条，-1 不受限制
// paginationInterceptor.setLimit(500);
// 开启 count 的 join 优化,只针对部分 left join
//这是分页拦截器
PaginationInnerInterceptor paginationInnerInterceptor = new PaginationInnerInterceptor();
paginationInnerInterceptor.setOverflow(true);
paginationInnerInterceptor.setMaxLimit(500L);
mybatisPlusInterceptor.addInnerInterceptor(paginationInnerInterceptor);
return mybatisPlusInterceptor;
}
}
<table class="display table table-bordered table-striped" id="dynamic-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>age</th>
<th>email</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="gradeX" th:each="user: ${users.records}">
<td th:text="${user.id}"></td>
<td>[[${user.name}]]</td>
<td th:text="${user.age}">Win 95+</td>
<td th:text="${user.email}">4</td>
<td>
<a th:href="@{/user/delete/{id}(id=${user.id},pn=${users.current})}"
class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" type="button">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span6">
<div class="dataTables_info" id="dynamic-table_info">
当前第[[${users.current}]]页 总计 [[${users.pages}]]页 共[[${users.total}]]条记录
</div>
</div>
<div class="span6">
<div class="dataTables_paginate paging_bootstrap pagination">
<ul>
<li class="prev disabled"><a href="#">← 前一页</a></li>
<li th:class="${num == users.current?'active':''}"
th:each="num:${#numbers.sequence(1,users.pages)}" >
<a th:href="@{/dynamic_table(pn=${num})}">[[${num}]]</a>
</li>
<li class="next disabled"><a href="#">下一页 → </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344
Copy @GetMapping("/user/delete/{id}")
public String deleteUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id,
@RequestParam(value = "pn",defaultValue = "1")Integer pn,
RedirectAttributes ra){
userService.removeById(id);
ra.addAttribute("pn",pn);
return "redirect:/dynamic_table";
}
@GetMapping("/dynamic_table")
public String dynamic_table(@RequestParam(value="pn",defaultValue = "1") Integer pn,Model model){
//表格内容的遍历
//从数据库中查出user表中的用户进行展示
//构造分页参数
Page<User> page = new Page<>(pn, 2);
//调用page进行分页
Page<User> userPage = userService.page(page, null);
model.addAttribute("users",userPage);
return "table/dynamic_table";
}
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526 69、数据访问-准备阿里云Redis环境
添加依赖 ：
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--导入jedis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
</dependency> RedisAutoConfiguration自动配置类，RedisProperties 属性类 --> spring.redis.xxx是对redis的配置。
连接工厂LettuceConnectionConfiguration、JedisConnectionConfiguration是准备好的。
自动注入了RedisTemplate<Object, Object>，xxxTemplate。
自动注入了StringRedisTemplate，key，value都是String
底层只要我们使用StringRedisTemplate、RedisTemplate就可以操作Redis。
外网Redis环境搭建 ：
70、数据访问-Redis操作与统计小实验
相关Redis配置：
Copy spring:
redis:
# url: redis://lfy:Lfy123456@r-bp1nc7reqesxisgxpipd.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com:6379
host: r-bp1nc7reqesxisgxpipd.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com
port: 6379
password: lfy:Lfy123456
client-type: jedis
jedis:
pool:
max-active: 10
# lettuce:# 另一个用来连接redis的java框架
# pool:
# max-active: 10
# min-idle: 5
1234567891011121314 测试Redis连接：
Copy @SpringBootTest
public class Boot05WebAdminApplicationTests {
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;
@Autowired
RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory;
@Test
void testRedis(){
ValueOperations<String, String> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
operations.set("hello","world");
String hello = operations.get("hello");
System.out.println(hello);
System.out.println(redisConnectionFactory.getClass());
}
}
1234567891011121314151617181920212223 Redis Desktop Manager：可视化Redis管理软件。
URL统计拦截器：
Copy @Component
public class RedisUrlCountInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
String uri = request.getRequestURI();
//默认每次访问当前uri就会计数+1
redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(uri);
return true;
}
}
12345678910111213141516 注册URL统计拦截器：
Copy @Configuration
public class AdminWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
@Autowired
RedisUrlCountInterceptor redisUrlCountInterceptor;
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(redisUrlCountInterceptor)
.addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns("/","/login","/css/**","/fonts/**","/images/**",
"/js/**","/aa/**");
}
}
12345678910111213141516 Filter、Interceptor 几乎拥有相同的功能？
Filter是Servlet定义的原生组件，它的好处是脱离Spring应用也能使用。
Interceptor是Spring定义的接口，可以使用Spring的自动装配等功能。
调用Redis内的统计数据：
Copy @Slf4j
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;
@GetMapping("/main.html")
public String mainPage(HttpSession session,Model model){
log.info("当前方法是：{}","mainPage");
ValueOperations<String, String> opsForValue =
redisTemplate.opsForValue();
String s = opsForValue.get("/main.html");
String s1 = opsForValue.get("/sql");
model.addAttribute("mainCount",s);
model.addAttribute("sqlCount",s1);
return "main";
}
}
123456789101112131415161718192021222324 71、单元测试-JUnit5简介
Spring Boot 2.2.0 版本开始引入 JUnit 5 作为单元测试默认库
作为最新版本的JUnit框架，JUnit5与之前版本的JUnit框架有很大的不同。由三个不同子项目的几个不同模块组成。
JUnit 5 = JUnit Platform + JUnit Jupiter + JUnit Vintage
JUnit Platform : Junit Platform是在JVM上启动测试框架的基础，不仅支持Junit自制的测试引擎，其他测试引擎也都可以接入。
JUnit Jupiter : JUnit Jupiter提供了JUnit5的新的编程模型，是JUnit5新特性的核心。内部包含了一个测试引擎 ，用于在Junit Platform上运行。
JUnit Vintage : 由于JUint已经发展多年，为了照顾老的项目，JUnit Vintage提供了兼容JUnit4.x，JUnit3.x的测试引擎。
注意 ：
SpringBoot 2.4 以上版本移除了默认对 Vintage 的依赖。如果需要兼容JUnit4需要自行引入（不能使用JUnit4的功能 @Test）
JUnit 5’s Vintage已经从spring-boot-starter-test从移除。如果需要继续兼容Junit4需要自行引入Vintage依赖：
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
1234567891011 使用添加JUnit 5，添加对应的starter：
Copy <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
12345 Spring的JUnit 5的基本单元测试模板（Spring的JUnit4的是@SpringBootTest+@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)）：
Copy import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;//注意不是org.junit.Test（这是JUnit4版本的）
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class SpringBootApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Component component;
@Test
//@Transactional 标注后连接数据库有回滚功能
public void contextLoads() {
Assertions.assertEquals(5, component.getFive());
}
}
1234567891011121314151617 Jupiter
英 [ˈdʒuːpɪtə®] 美 [ˈdʒuːpɪtər]
n. 木星(太阳系中最大的行星)
vintage
英 [ˈvɪntɪdʒ] 美 [ˈvɪntɪdʒ]
n. 特定年份(或地方)酿制的酒;酿造年份;采摘葡萄酿酒的期间(或季节);葡萄收获期(或季节)
adj. (指葡萄酒)优质的，上等的，佳酿的;古色古香的(指1917–1930年间制造，车型和品味受人青睐的);(过去某个时期)典型的，优质的;(某人的)最佳作品的
72、单元测试-常用测试注解
@Test ：表示方法是测试方法。但是与JUnit4的@Test不同，他的职责非常单一不能声明任何属性，拓展的测试将会由Jupiter提供额外测试
@ParameterizedTest ：表示方法是参数化测试。
@DisplayName ：为测试类或者测试方法设置展示名称。
@BeforeEach ：表示在每个 单元测试之前 执行。
@AfterEach ：表示在每个 单元测试之后 执行。
@BeforeAll ：表示在所有 单元测试之前 执行。
@Tag ：表示单元测试类别，类似于JUnit4中的@Categories。
@Disabled ：表示测试类或测试方法不执行，类似于JUnit4中的@Ignore。
@Timeout ：表示测试方法运行如果超过了指定时间将会返回错误。
@ExtendWith ：为测试类或测试方法提供扩展类引用。
Copy import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
@DisplayName("junit5功能测试类")
public class Junit5Test {
@DisplayName("测试displayname注解")
@Test
void testDisplayName() {
System.out.println(1);
System.out.println(jdbcTemplate);
}
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = { "racecar", "radar", "able was I ere I saw elba" })
void palindromes(String candidate) {
assertTrue(StringUtils.isPalindrome(candidate));
}
@Disabled
@DisplayName("测试方法2")
@Test
void test2() {
System.out.println(2);
}
@RepeatedTest(5)
@Test
void test3() {
System.out.println(5);
}
/**
* 规定方法超时时间。超出时间测试出异常
*
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
@Timeout(value = 500, unit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
@Test
void testTimeout() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(600);
}
@BeforeEach
void testBeforeEach() {
System.out.println("测试就要开始了...");
}
@AfterEach
void testAfterEach() {
System.out.println("测试结束了...");
}
@BeforeAll
static void testBeforeAll() {
System.out.println("所有测试就要开始了...");
}
@AfterAll
static void testAfterAll() {
System.out.println("所有测试以及结束了...");
}
}
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667 73、单元测试-断言机制
断言Assertion是测试方法中的核心部分，用来对测试需要满足的条件进行验证。这些断言方法都是org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions的静态方法。检查业务逻辑返回的数据是否合理。所有的测试运行结束以后，会有一个详细的测试报告。
JUnit 5 内置的断言可以分成如下几个类别：
简单断言
用来对单个值进行简单的验证。如：
Copy @Test
@DisplayName("simple assertion")
public void simple() {
assertEquals(3, 1 + 2, "simple math");
assertNotEquals(3, 1 + 1);
assertNotSame(new Object(), new Object());
Object obj = new Object();
assertSame(obj, obj);
assertFalse(1 > 2);
assertTrue(1 < 2);
assertNull(null);
assertNotNull(new Object());
}
12345678910111213141516 数组断言
通过 assertArrayEquals 方法来判断两个对象或原始类型的数组是否相等。
Copy @Test
@DisplayName("array assertion")
public void array() {
assertArrayEquals(new int[]{1, 2}, new int[] {1, 2});
}
12345 组合断言
assertAll()方法接受多个 org.junit.jupiter.api.Executable 函数式接口的实例作为要验证的断言，可以通过 lambda 表达式很容易的提供这些断言。
Copy @Test
@DisplayName("assert all")
public void all() {
assertAll("Math",
() -> assertEquals(2, 1 + 1),
() -> assertTrue(1 > 0)
);
}
12345678 异常断言
在JUnit4时期，想要测试方法的异常情况时，需要用@Rule注解的ExpectedException变量还是比较麻烦的。而JUnit5提供了一种新的断言方式Assertions.assertThrows()，配合函数式编程就可以进行使用。
Copy @Test
@DisplayName("异常测试")
public void exceptionTest() {
ArithmeticException exception = Assertions.assertThrows(
//扔出断言异常
ArithmeticException.class, () -> System.out.println(1 % 0));
}
1234567 超时断言
JUnit5还提供了Assertions.assertTimeout()为测试方法设置了超时时间。
Copy @Test
@DisplayName("超时测试")
public void timeoutTest() {
//如果测试方法时间超过1s将会异常
Assertions.assertTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(1000), () -> Thread.sleep(500));
}
123456 快速失败
通过 fail 方法直接使得测试失败。
Copy @Test
@DisplayName("fail")
public void shouldFail() {
fail("This should fail");
}
12345 74、单元测试-前置条件
Unit 5 中的前置条件（assumptions【假设】）类似于断言，不同之处在于不满足的断言assertions 会使得测试方法失败，而不满足的前置条件只会使得测试方法的执行终止 。
前置条件可以看成是测试方法执行的前提，当该前提不满足时，就没有继续执行的必要。
Copy @DisplayName("前置条件")
public class AssumptionsTest {
private final String environment = "DEV";
@Test
@DisplayName("simple")
public void simpleAssume() {
assumeTrue(Objects.equals(this.environment, "DEV"));
assumeFalse(() -> Objects.equals(this.environment, "PROD"));
}
@Test
@DisplayName("assume then do")
public void assumeThenDo() {
assumingThat(
Objects.equals(this.environment, "DEV"),
() -> System.out.println("In DEV")
);
}
}
1234567891011121314151617181920 assumeTrue 和 assumFalse 确保给定的条件为 true 或 false，不满足条件会使得测试执行终止。
assumingThat 的参数是表示条件的布尔值和对应的 Executable 接口的实现对象。只有条件满足时，Executable 对象才会被执行；当条件不满足时，测试执行并不会终止。
75、单元测试-嵌套测试
JUnit 5 可以通过 Java 中的内部类和@Nested 注解实现嵌套测试，从而可以更好的把相关的测试方法组织在一起。在内部类中可以使用@BeforeEach 和@AfterEach注解，而且嵌套的层次没有限制。
Copy @DisplayName("A stack")
class TestingAStackDemo {
Stack<Object> stack;
@Test
@DisplayName("is instantiated with new Stack()")
void isInstantiatedWithNew() {
new Stack<>();
}
@Nested
@DisplayName("when new")
class WhenNew {
@BeforeEach
void createNewStack() {
stack = new Stack<>();
}
@Test
@DisplayName("is empty")
void isEmpty() {
assertTrue(stack.isEmpty());
}
@Test
@DisplayName("throws EmptyStackException when popped")
void throwsExceptionWhenPopped() {
assertThrows(EmptyStackException.class, stack::pop);
}
@Test
@DisplayName("throws EmptyStackException when peeked")
void throwsExceptionWhenPeeked() {
assertThrows(EmptyStackException.class, stack::peek);
}
@Nested
@DisplayName("after pushing an element")
class AfterPushing {
String anElement = "an element";
@BeforeEach
void pushAnElement() {
stack.push(anElement);
}
@Test
@DisplayName("it is no longer empty")
void isNotEmpty() {
assertFalse(stack.isEmpty());
}
@Test
@DisplayName("returns the element when popped and is empty")
void returnElementWhenPopped() {
assertEquals(anElement, stack.pop());
assertTrue(stack.isEmpty());
}
@Test
@DisplayName("returns the element when peeked but remains not empty")
void returnElementWhenPeeked() {
assertEquals(anElement, stack.peek());
assertFalse(stack.isEmpty());
}
}
}
}
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071 76、单元测试-参数化测试
参数化测试是JUnit5很重要的一个新特性，它使得用不同的参数多次运行测试成为了可能，也为我们的单元测试带来许多便利。
利用@ValueSource等注解，指定入参，我们将可以使用不同的参数进行多次单元测试，而不需要每新增一个参数就新增一个单元测试，省去了很多冗余代码。
利用**@ValueSource**等注解，指定入参，我们将可以使用不同的参数进行多次单元测试，而不需要每新增一个参数就新增一个单元测试，省去了很多冗余代码。
@ValueSource : 为参数化测试指定入参来源，支持八大基础类以及String类型,Class类型
@NullSource : 表示为参数化测试提供一个null的入参
@EnumSource : 表示为参数化测试提供一个枚举入参
@CsvFileSource ：表示读取指定CSV文件内容作为参数化测试入参
@MethodSource ：表示读取指定方法的返回值作为参数化测试入参(注意方法返回需要是一个流)
当然如果参数化测试仅仅只能做到指定普通的入参还达不到让我觉得惊艳的地步。让我真正感到他的强大之处的地方在于他可以支持外部的各类入参。如:CSV,YML,JSON 文件甚至方法的返回值也可以作为入参。只需要去实现**ArgumentsProvider**接口，任何外部文件都可以作为它的入参。
